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ÕâƪÎÄÕ¿ÉÄܶÔÄãÓÐÓ㺠Implementation of the Geographic Information - Metadata (ISO 19115:2003) Norm using the WebOntology Language (OWL) Abstract. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published the geographic information metadata norm, ISO 19115:2003, to provide a formal structure for describing digital geographic data. The standard is published using an abstract object model that is implemented via the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for conceptualizing the underlying structure of the norm. As a continuation for further enhancement ISO is currently working on a geographic information metadata implementation specification norm, ISO 19139.3 that seeks to find a new implementation for the UMLbased abstract model for the ISO 19115:2003. The current implementation approach favors the use of a XML Schema to represent the 19115 norm in machine readable format. However, the use of XML Schema entails a number of disadvantages and as a result falls short in representing the full potential of the UML based ISO 19115:2003 standard. The use of the Web Ontology Language (OWL), built on XML, proves to be a better choice for encoding the standard because it permits a much richer table of semantics as well as a more flexible definition of classes and their attributes when compared to XML schema. In this paper we will discuss the shortcomings of XML schema, some critical issues that surround the conversion of a UML model into an OWL ontology, point out the critical dissimilarities, and suggest a number of mapping approaches that we employed during the mapping effort while trying to overcome some of the incompatibilities that exist between UML and OWL.